Bismuth – Tin – Zinc

Joachim Gröbner

Introduction

Experimental investigations of the Bi-Sn-Zn phase diagram date from the end of the nineteen century when composition of two coexisting liquids was determined by chemical analysis of separated layers [1891Wri, 1892Wri]. However these results should be considered as semi-quantitative, because later is was shown by [2000Mal1] that immiscibility can not take place above 600°C. A first part of the ternary miscibility gap for this solder system was given by [1949Jae1] at 650 and 750°C. [1949Jae2] showed a liquidus surface which was based on the earlier experimental work of [1923Muz]. [1923Muz] measured thermal arrests of 104 liquid alloys using cooling curves. The first and second recorded arrests could be identified as two- and three-phase equilibria, while the third one corresponded to eutectic equilibrium. Microscopic anal...